NHẬN BIẾT COMPOUND & COMPLEX SENTENCE

--- Huy Vĩnh ----

Khi giảng dạy IELTS, thầy nhận thấy vẫn còn khá nhiều bạn không phân biệt hay nhận ra đâu là Compound Sentence (câu ghép) và Complex Sentence (câu phức). Đây là kiến thức văn phạm rất cần thiết cho IELTS, đặc biệt là dành cho phần IELTS Speaking và IELTS Writing. Như các bạn b

iết, muốn có band score tốt thì các bạn phải biết cách sử dụng 2 loại câu này 1 cách thành thạo. Thầy post bài mang tính lý thuyết về văn phạm để giúp cho các bạn nhận diện được 2 loại câu này từ đó có thể sử dụng chúng cho đúng dựa vào kiến thức và luật văn phạm có liên quan.

Sentence Types: There are 3 types

1. Simple Sentence = Independence Clause [IC]
Sentence = Subject + Verb + Object
Ex: There are two writing modules.
• IC + Phrase
Ex:
- There are two writing modules in IELTS.
- The test starts at 9:00 AM.
• Phrase + IC
Ex:
- In IELTS there are two writing modules.
- At 9:00 AM the test starts at.

2. Compound Sentence = IC1 + IC2
Two Simple Sentence [IC] joined by a coordinating conjunction:
• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So
Ex:
- Prospective technical college candidates take the General Training module and prospective university candidates take the Academic one.
- There are two reading modules but all candidates do the same Listening Test.
- Candidates can take the General Training module or the can take the Academic module.
- Overseas applicants for universities need to sit the IELTS test, so many overseas students do preparation courses for the test.

3. Complex Sentence
A Complex Sentence is a Simple Sentence [IC] plus a Dependent Clause [DC].
Type 1: IC + DC
Type 2: DC + IC

Dependent clauses are made by:
a) Subordinating conjunctions [as, because, if, although, despite, etc.]
Ex:
- Many overseas students do IELTS preparation courses because they plan to study in Australia.
- There are two different reading modules in the IELTS test, although all candidates do the same Listening Test.
- Despite feeling unwell and a little tired, the candidate received a Band 6.0 in the test.

b) Relative pronouns [who, which, that, etc.]
Ex:
- The IELTS test, which is a test of four-macro skills, is used as an indicator of overseas students’ English language proficiency.
- The student who arrived late for the interview was given a new time at the end of the day.

c) Participles
• Active participle
Ex: Closing the door behind her, she walked quickly down the road and out of sight.
• Passive participle
Ex: Sold at auction, the painting fetched $10 million.